The building, in neoclassical style, was inaugurated in 1827 and is the work of the architect Pietro Ghinelli. On the tympanum, the work of the neoclassical sculptor Giacomo De Maria, there is a bas-relief representing the nine Muses from which the theater takes its name, Apollo, god of the arts, and Palaemon, god of ports. The scene allegorically illustrates the birth of the Ancona theater: the Muses occasionally leave their home on Parnassus (which can be glimpsed in the background) to inspire the artists of the Ancona theater, located on the banks of the port (symbolized by Palaemon leaning against the stern of a ship classical).
The bombings of the Second World War damaged the roof and this led to the interruption of the activities of the theater, which then lasted 59 years. In the seventies the building underwent the demolition of the hall and the construction of reinforced concrete structures. After lengthy works, the theater was re-inaugurated, with a modern hall, in 2002.
